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docs，office docs	Ubuntu服务器入门指南

# 列出可更新
apt list --upgradable

# 更新
apt upgrade -y

源文件

/etc/apt/sources.list

提供不同类型的源

文件中能够配置不同类型的软件源，主要包含以下几种：

• 主服务器（Main）：包含由 Ubuntu 官方维护和支持的自由、开源软件包，这些软件包经过了严格的测试和质量保证。
• 受限（Restricted）：包含一些受版权限制的软件包，通常是硬件驱动程序等，这些软件包虽然受版权限制，但对于某些硬件的正常使用是必需的。
• 宇宙（Universe）：由社区维护的自由、开源软件包，涵盖了更广泛的软件种类，但官方的支持和测试相对较少。
• 多宇宙（Multiverse）：包含一些受版权或法律限制的软件包，这些软件包可能涉及专利、许可证等问题。

阿里云源

# amd64 22.04
sed -e 's|cn.archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu|mirrors.aliyun.com|g' -i.bak /etc/apt/sources.list

# arm64 22.4
sed -e 's|ports.ubuntu.com|mirrors.aliyun.com|g' -i.bak /etc/apt/sources.list

# See http://help.ubuntu.com/community/UpgradeNotes for how to upgrade to
# newer versions of the distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy main restricted

## Major bug fix updates produced after the final release of the
## distribution.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates main restricted

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team. Also, please note that software in universe WILL NOT receive any
## review or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy universe
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates universe

## N.B. software from this repository is ENTIRELY UNSUPPORTED by the Ubuntu
## team, and may not be under a free licence. Please satisfy yourself as to
## your rights to use the software. Also, please note that software in
## multiverse WILL NOT receive any review or updates from the Ubuntu
## security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy multiverse
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-updates multiverse

## N.B. software from this repository may not have been tested as
## extensively as that contained in the main release, although it includes
## newer versions of some applications which may provide useful features.
## Also, please note that software in backports WILL NOT receive any review
## or updates from the Ubuntu security team.
deb http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse
# deb-src http://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu/ jammy-backports main restricted universe multiverse

deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security main restricted
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security universe
deb http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse
# deb-src http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ jammy-security multiverse

网络设置

vim /etc/netplan/01-netcfg.yaml

network:
    version: 2
    renderer: networkd
    ethernets:
        enp0s3:
            dhcp4: true #随机网址
        enp0s8:
            dhcp4: false
            addresses:
                - 192.168.10.100/24 # 固定网址
        enp0s9:
            dhcp4: false
            addresses:
              - 192.168.20.60/24  # IP + 子网掩码
            routes:
              - to: default
                via: 192.168.20.1  # 网关
            nameservers:
              addresses: [8.8.8.8, 1.1.1.1]  # DNS 服务器（可选）

重启网络

sudo systemctl restart systemd-networkd

# 如果你使用的是 NetworkManager
sudo systemctl restart NetworkManager

# 或者
sudo netplan try    # 测试配置（确认后自动应用，超时回滚）
sudo netplan apply  # 立即生效

允许root远程登录

# 设置 root 用户密码
# Ubuntu 默认禁用 root 账户，需先为其设置密码：
# 输入两次密码后完成设置，可通过 su - root 验证切换是否成功。
sudo passwd root

# 编辑 /etc/ssh/sshd_config 文件：
sudo nano /etc/ssh/sshd_config

#找到
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
	# prohibit-password：允许root用户登录，但禁止使用密码认证（仅允许密钥认证或其它非密码方式）
	# yes:允许root用户登录，且不限制认证方式（密码、密钥等均可）。
  # no：完全禁止root登录（最安全，但需通过普通用户切换）。
  # without-password：同 prohibit-password（旧版别名）。
  # forced-commands-only：仅允许root执行预定义命令（用于自动化任务）。
PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes


# 若需密码登录（非推荐），取消注释并设置，注意提前给root设置密码
PasswordAuthentication yes

systemctl restart sshd

arm芯片安装

镜像推荐

在安装的时候需要配置

镜像站	地址	备注
清华 TUNA	https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ubuntu-ports/	国内高速
阿里云	https://mirrors.aliyun.com/ubuntu-ports/	企业级稳定性
官方国际源	http://ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/	无国内加速

使用方法

(1) 修改 sources.list（ARM 设备）

1. 备份原有配置：

   sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak

2. 编辑软件源文件：

   sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

3. 替换为以下内容（以 Ubuntu 24.04 LTS ARM64 为例）：

   deb http://cn.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://cn.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ nobles-updates main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://cn.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-backports main restricted universe multiverse
   deb http://cn.ports.ubuntu.com/ubuntu-ports/ noble-security main restricted universe multiverse

4. 更新软件包列表：

   sudo apt update